Here, Try a Little Taste of Peter...

Since the earliest days of my obsession with older movies and stars, I have felt drawn the most to motion pictures from Universal Studios, for reasons I can't even fully explain. However, since I started this blog, I find myself most often profiling actors from Warner Brothers. Go figure... It seems like every other time I land on someone I wish to profile, he or she was a Warners contract player. Such is the case today with a man who was introduced to the big time through none other than Jack Warner himself! The actor is Peter Brown.

Born with a moniker fairly guaranteed to earn some ribbing at school, Pierre Lind de Lappe was born in New York City on October 5th, 1935. His mother, Mina Reaume, was a radio personality, providing the voice of The Dragon Lady on Terry and the Pirates. Following in her footsteps, he took part in children's programming whenever a child's voice was needed (or a childlike sound, such as with elves and so on.) His father died when he was only four and, after his mother remarried, the family (which included an older brother and eventually two half-brothers) settled on the west coast in Spokane, Washington. He took his stepfather's last name of Brown and redubbed himself with the more American-sounding first name of Peter. He grew into a six-foot tall, lean young man with bright blue eyes and a unique, slightly upturned nose.
Brown joined the Army and was stationed in Alaska. USO shows were infrequent there, so he eventually formed a small troupe of performers who put on shows during the downtime. Following his release, he came back to UCLA and enrolled there in the drama department. He intended to pursue acting in New York, but was persuaded to try Los Angeles for a while, based on his youthful good looks. He made some stage appearances and was studying with acting coach Jeff Corey, but was working late nights at a filling station to make ends meet.

One night, a customer presented him with a credit card that read “Jack L. Warner.” Peter asked him, rather flippantly, if he was one of THE Warner Brothers and the man replied, “I'm the only one left.” After a continued conversation, Warner arranged for young Peter Brown to be given a screen test the very next day! The year was 1957. He was signed to a contract and swiftly placed in a low-budget “red scare” training film called Red Nightmare (also known by the more spastic title The Commies are Coming! The Commies are Coming!) The defense department film co-produced by Warner and Jack Webb contained a now-startling cast that included Jack Kelly, Jeanne Cooper, Peter Brown and Robert Conrad. Brown had a featured part that let him get his feet wet before the camera. (This film is listed on imdb.com as being released in 1962, but it was filmed in '57.)

Like all fellow contract players, he was kept busy, busy, busy, working on TV series (such as Colt .45, Sugarfoot and Maverick) and appearing in small, often uncredited, parts in movies like Darby's Rangers, Marjorie Morningstar and The Young Philadelphians. Brown's career received a major boost simply because a notice or two in the fan magazines led to heaps of mail requesting more of him. His cutie pie looks won him legions of female fans who couldn't get enough of his (mostly staged) dates, cookouts, swim parties, athletic efforts and so forth. The studio saw the hoopla over him and, understandably, wanted to glean all they could out of it.

In 1958, he married for the first time to blonde starlet Diane Jergens, who'd been working in Hollywood for several years. Their romance was played out in the movie magazines of the day, though the marriage was short-lived, ending in 1959. (She would marry the founder of The New Christy Minstrels in 1962, a union that has lasted to this day!)

Right around the time of his wedding to Diane, Brown made his debut as a television regular on the western series Lawman. The series' star was John Russell, a tall, lean, chiseled actor with a distinguishing streak of silver hair cutting across his otherwise dark locks. Russell's career dated back to 1939's Mr. Smith Goes to Washington, but his primary work in films took place in the 1940s. He was almost a decade and a half older than Peter Brown, so his role of Marshal Dan Troop served as a father figure for upstart Deputy Johnny McKay.
It took a little while for Brown to come into his own on the series, at first being a little bit relegated to the sidelines, but in time he rose to enjoy more equal status and became a fan favorite of teens, especially girls. He perfected his quick draw through hours and hours of practice and honed his acting skills as the series churned out episode after episode. His face, along with Russell's, appeared on tie-in products including, notably, comic books of the day. Need I even point out the obvious appeal of his skintight trousers? (Sadly, I could find no larger version of the eye-opening shot below, thus there was no point in trying to put it in an area where it could be clicked on and enlarged further...)
The series, which ran for four years, was more than a little inspired by Gunsmoke, but didn't include that series more goofy type of characters like Chester and/or Festus. There was a female saloon owner, however, in Peggy Castle, added in season two. Brown met many other actors during his tenure on the show, including, as shown here, Sammy Davis Jr., who guest-starred one time. By the time the show was over in 1962, Brown was more experienced in his craft and poised to take part in other acting work.

He had a featured role in the war drama Merrill's Marauders, with Jeff Chandler and Ty Hardin, and was billed on the poster alongside them. Sadly, this was Chandler's final film as he would injure his back during it and eventually be killed from blood poisoning during an operation for that. Still a Warners contract player, Brown continued to be put to work on television series as well, like Hawaiian Eye, Cheyenne and 77 Sunset Strip.

By 1963, his contract was finished and he went to work for Walt Disney in their film Summer Magic. This was a remake of the old novel and film Mother Carey's Chickens about a widow with three children who moves into an old farmhouse and whose children find love that summer. Initially meant to be a vehicle for Annette Funicello, Hayley Mills wound up as the star and Brown played her love interest. Dorothy McGuire played Mills' mother while Burl Ives also starred as the local postman who helps the family fix up the home. A musicalized version of the story, it is among the lesser-known Disney live-action films of its period, though Mills did land a Golden Globe nomination for her role. The prettified treatment of the story meant that Brown was dressed snappily and filmed in flattering color.
He worked for the studio again the next year in the (now) even more obscure A Tiger Walks. This time Brian Keith was the Sheriff of a small town in which a circus tiger has escaped from its transport truck, causing all sorts of worry and mayhem. The townspeople want the beast killed on sight (and the National Guard is called in to do so) while Keith, his daughter Pamela Franklin and an East Indian trainer - played by Sabu! - want to save it. Brown had the rather inconsequential role of Keith's deputy and was seventh billed.

Brown's next two films were decidedly more challenging and/or provocative in nature and both have become minor cult hits as a result. First up was Ride the Wild Surf, a beach movie that was outside the usual realm of Frankie Avalon and Annette Funicello's comedic and zany hijinks. Not that it was Leo Tolstoy or anything, but it was an attempt to present an ever so slightly more serious surfing movie. (I just realized that the shot of Peter to the right is the same as on his postcard a bit below... Oops!)
It put Brown alongside Fabian Forte and Tab Hunter (and, in a shocking move, had Brown's hair bleached out to a lemon yellow shade, allegedly so that he would match up to the pre-filmed real-life surfer whose footage was used in long shots for his character.) Brown's lean physique was shown off in the many water-logged sequences (some of which had him against a projected background while the crew splashed bits of water on him!) His streamlined body was a contrast to the slightly cuddlier Fabian's and the more mature Tab's. There was something for everyone watching.
His other 1964 film was the outrageously campy and tawdry (for then) Kitten with a Whip. Ann-Margret (who dated Brown briefly when she first came to Hollywood) starred as a dangerous girl who terrorizes married businessman John Forsythe. Brown, clad in a newsboy cap, played one of her delinquent pals who helps make life hell for Forsythe. (Delinquents clearly dressed better then than they do now!) Brown and A-M would remain friends after their period of dating and, in fact, it was he who later introduced her to her husband Roger Smith. The couple remains married to this day.
In 1965, Brown landed another regular role on a TV series, it was yet another of the countless TV westerns of that time called Laredo. The other stars of Laredo were Neville Brand, William Smith and Philip Carey. He and the other men played Texas Rangers who were constantly in and out of various scrapes. Later, in season two, Robert Wolders was added to the cast and Brand departed, replaced by Claude Akins.

The show had a somewhat more comic bent to it than other westerns, though it was still heavily action-oriented. Brown's character tended to be a magnet for ladies on the show. He and heavily-muscled costar Smith (later to be immortal as the bad guy Falconetti on the miniseries Rich Man, Poor Man) became good friends and would later work together several times on various projects.

When Laredo was cancelled in 1967, Brown worked in a couple of TV movies and was cast in the Israeli-made Attack at Dawn in 1970 with Combat! star Rick Jason. Brown played an American journalist helping some POWs escape from an Arab prison. He was a guest star on series such as The Mod Squad, Dan August, Mission: Impossible and even My Three Sons. Then he paired up with former Laredo costar William Smith for the drive-in biker flick Chrome and Hot Leather. The exploitation movie had an ex-Green Beret seeking revenge on some bikers (led by Smith) who have killed his fiancee (none other than Cheryl Ladd!) Brown was one of the soldier's friends who helped him to that end. At one point, the soldiers dress up in biker drag as part of their plan!

Next, he and Smith worked together again in the Venezuelan-made Piranha, whose title tells pretty much all. With things heading in such a direction, Brown turned to the medium of daytime drama, where he found a significant level of success for about two decades. First, he played Dr. Greg Peters on Days of Our Lives. That's him near the center of this Days cast photo to the right behind MacDonald Carey. He would stay on that soap from 1971 to 1979. Following that considerable stint, he then worked on The Young and the Restless from 1981 to 1982, returning from 1989 to 1991, Loving from 1983 to 1984, One Life to Life from 1986 to 1987 and finally The Bold and the Beautiful from 1991 to 1992, playing the ex husband of Hunter Tylo's character Taylor Hayes, Blake, who wants to wrangle her back. He found a double of her present husband's dead wife and brought her to town to make trouble. Ahhh, the soaps. Brown, who has worked in practically every acting medium, contends that the actors on daytime serials work harder than any others, thanks to the grueling five show per week schedule and the multitude of dialogue that has to be learned each day.
While he was working on the soap operas, he continued his career in prime time TV and in movies as well. He was a guest star on Police Story in the episode that introduced Angie Dickinson as the character who would ultimately become Police Woman. He was on many shows, though, from Marcus Welby, M.D. to Charlie's Angels to Vega$. His movies leaned towards the cheap, aggressively exploitive and drive-in level fare. In Foxy Brown, one of the more enduring Blaxploitation flicks, this one starring Pam Grier, he played a bad guy who winds up with quite a heinous fate in the end. He and Grier posed for several provocative publicity photos as part of the promotion of the movie. Other "gems" from this period include Act of Vengeance (a.k.a. - Rape Squad) in which he was a hockey mask-wearing rapist who forces his victims to sing Jingle Bells during the act! A band of ladies he has previously violated band together to thwart him.
He found time during all this to produce two films as well. There was Gentle Savage, starring his good buddy William Smith as an Indian accused of rape by outraged townspeople followed by Sparkle, the precursor to Dreamgirls about a singing group comprised of three black sisters who ride the wave of success and witness the resultant crash.

Playgirl magazine debuted in 1973 and a couple of imitators (Foxylady and Viva to name two) followed in its wake. Brown had fielded offers from these magazines to pose nude (as fellow actors Christopher George, Peter Lupus, Jim Brown and others had done), but was reluctant to pose for a full-on frontal spread. In discussing the scenario with his pal Hugh Hefner, it was arranged that Brown would do a light-hearted, frolicsome spread in Hefner's recent acquisition Oui magazine. Brown was shown on the beach and in the surf with a nude female model and had final say on which photos would be published. His own genitals were discreetly obscured, but he did show off a mighty cute little tan-lined butt. Incidentally, Brown was married five times in all and also had long term relationships, one that resulted in a son (he has another son from wife number two.)

All through the '80s, Brown continued to guest star on TV in series like Magnum, P.I., Hart to Hart, Riptide, Knight Rider and The A-Team. In the '90s, he was a guest on Baywatch, Wings, Babylon 5 and Jag. In more recent years, Brown has embraced the fan love that comes with being a former star of TV westerns. Countless conventions are held to honor stars of the genre and Brown has taken part in quite a few. He continued to act as well in television and in straight-to-video movies (an exception being a role in the popular release The Wedding Planner.) The last one he's done, to date, was 2005's Hell to Pay, a western that featured many fellow actors from popular genre shows including James Drury, Lee Majors, Andrew Prine, Buck Taylor and, fittingly, William Smith.
It may not be able to be said that Peter Brown had an extraordinary career, but it was one that lasted nearly fifty years and was surprisingly multifaceted. He ultimately emerged as one of those actors whose face was so familiar because it was seemingly everywhere on television in the '70s and '80s. Since marrying for that fifth time in 2008, he hasn't done as much acting as before, but then again he is seventy-five and may prefer to just live life quietly with occasional jaunts here and there. Even now, however, he retains a small, but loyal, fan base.

Oh, What a Character! Part Four: Flying the Cooper

Nowadays with seemingly every actress under the sun striving to stay as young-looking as (in)humanly possible, it makes one wonder who's going to play the old ladies (or if stories will even include old ladies in them!) I recently read some remarks from one actress (whose name, sadly, escapes me) who said she wasn't going to have any surgery on her face because “someone has to look the right age for older parts.” She's a rarity in any case. What a shame that we put so much emphasis on looking young that we encourage people to pull and hack on their faces, resulting in not really youth, but a sort of uneasy state of semi-mobile plasticity in many cases.

Today's featured character actress is known for her rich portrayals of craggy, wrinkled, commandeering monsters – with the occasional kindhearted characterization thrown in for variety. She made little-to-no effort to preserve her looks even though, as a young lady (and some folks may be surprised to find this out), she was hailed across two continents as the most beautiful woman in England! Miss Gladys Cooper, infamous as a soul-crippling mother from hell, was the subject of countless portraits in which she either modeled benignly or enacted classic theatrical roles, becoming something of a pin-up. But first we go back to the beginning.

Gladys Cooper was born as such on December 18th, 1888 in London, England to a journalist father. She was one of the offspring from her father's second marriage to a somewhat younger woman. She had elder half-brothers and sisters from his first marriage along with two “full” sisters, one of whom was born deaf. A striking child from the start, she was being used as a model in the rapidly burgeoning postcard industry by the age of six, often being paired with musical comedy actress Marie Studholme, as seen here. Later, when she embarked on a stage career at the tender age of seventeen, she was singled out for her looks rather than for her acting ability, though she soon undertook training in singing, dancing and movement, which served to broaden her skills.

In 1908, now almost twenty, she eloped with Herbert John Buckmaster (known as “Buck”) much to her parents' displeasure (her father practically shunned her for a year over it.) While still performing in the theatre, she had become a prolific photographer's model and continued to appear on thousands of postcards. The style of the day was not to smile, but to look thoughtful, serene or even mildly forlorn. (This was also due to the need to remain perfectly still for a period while the film was exposed.) Some of Cooper's expressions are positively haunting in their immediacy, such as the one above left with her long hair cascading and her surprisingly tough expression. By July of 1910, she'd given birth to her daughter Joan (who would later marry actor Robert Morley.) The pretty child would become a popular model as well, both with and without her mother.

During WWI, British soldiers received more postcards with her visage on them than any other, making her a sort of “pre-Betty Grable” of The Great War. When her son John came along in 1915, he, too, became a model and his cherubic face and wave of blonde hair graced many a postcard as well. (Sadly, John would experience mental and anger problems as a young adult and would eventually have to be institutionalized.) Cooper entered the British silent film industry, making several appearances in addition to her continued work in the theatre. Her husband unable to fully contend with the fact that his wife was bringing home 9000 pounds per year from her artistic ventures and following their separation for a time due to the war, the couple's marriage faltered and they were divorced in 1920.

Among her stage successes in England were The Misleading Lady, The Naughty Wife, Home and Beauty, The Sign on the Door and even a stint as Peter Pan! When the leader of a playhouse with which she'd become associated fell ill, she began managing the place while simultaneously originating the role of Leslie Crosbie in Somerset Maugham's The Letter. The production cost 4,000 pounds, but ultimately made 40,000!

In 1928, she married Sir Neville Pearson, which lent her the title of Lady Pearson. The couple had a child (her third) named Sally, born in 1930. Cooper was forty-two and had successfully bucked the existent social system by producing her own plays and running a business followed by having another baby while over the age of forty. By 1934, she had come to Canada to work in The Shining Hour with Raymond Massey. The Shining Hour was a Broadway success as well, but it was forced to close due to being promised at a London theatre by a certain date.

Her marriage now on the rocks due to lack of common interests along with separation due to her career, she eventually found love with another actor, Phillip Merivale, whose wife was dying. She initiated divorce proceedings and moved with her daughter to New York City to find work in the theatre. In 1935, she made her very first talking picture, The Iron Duke, playing the villainous daughter of Louis XVIII against the legendary actor George Arliss, who portrayed The Duke of Wellington. In 1937, she married Merivale and was step-mother to his four children. By now, Joan was twenty-five and John was twenty and they had remained in England to pursue their own lives and careers.

Cooper and her husband made several attempts at performing together, including Broadway productions of Othello and Macbeth, but they were unsuccessful and financially devastating. In time, they returned to England to tour in plays. Things finally looked up when Cooper was befriended by the authoress Daphne du Maurier, who alerted her to the filming of her novel, which was going to be made in Hollywood by Alfred Hitchcock, in his American film debut. The movie Rebecca had a small, but appealing, role in it for Cooper and it would introduce her to a whole new level of acting recognition.

Rebecca, in which she played Laurence Olivier's pragmatic but friendly sister, was a major success, winning the 1940 Oscar for Best Picture and winning over legions of fans of the source novel. Cooper found that she utterly adored sunny California, even if she had trouble navigating the streets of Los Angeles and Hollywood. When war broke out in 1939, Cooper was torn between staying in The States or returning home. She decided to stay and explore her newfound success as a cinema character actress while sending food and money back home, which the luxurious salaries she was being paid allowed her to do.

In Kitty Foyle, she played the disapproving mother of the man Ginger Rogers loved and became pregnant by. She then played Laurence Olivier's wife in That Hamilton Woman, a film in which he carried on an affair with (his by then wife in real life) Vivien Leigh. She also wound up in the decidedly lesser-rung films, The Black Cat and The Gay Falcon (one of a series of films starring George Sanders.)

One of her all-time most remembered parts came in 1942, though. In Now, Voyager, she was the acidic, controlling, iron-hearted mother of Bette Davis, a late-in-life child who serves her mother at the expense of her own personality and development. Then when Davis undergoes a stunning makeover, both physically and emotionally, Cooper can scarcely stand it and promptly begins a decline, at least part of which is engineered to further rein in her daughter. This mercilessly intimidating and demanding characterization earned Cooper an Oscar nomination for Best Supporting Actress and lives on as one of her best concoctions. The statuette went to Teresa Wright for Mrs. Miniver, however.

Gay men tend to love Now, Voyager in part because Davis' “coming out” as a swan and breaking free from the shackles of an oppressive, disapproving parent often mirrors the type of agonies that can happen when a man realizes he is different and fears that he won't be able to live within the confines his family has, on purpose or not, dictated. Plus, we just love to see a good makeover! Interestingly, Davis had just had a success playing the same role on screen that Cooper had originated in The Letter, but there was no hostility between the actresses. In fact, Davis quite revered Cooper.

This triumph was followed up with The Song of Bernadette, which had Jennifer Jones as a young girl who sees visions of The Virgin Mary, but who is not believed by others, especially Sister Therese, a stern, devout and sometimes venomous nun. I don't have to tell you who got that role, but it netted her another Academy Award nomination as Best Supporting Actress. This time Katina Paxinou took home the award for her role in For Whom the Bell Tolls.

In 1945, she played Gregory Peck's mother in The Valley of Decision, a film that had Greer Garson as a household servant falling for Peck, who was outside her social class to say the least. This time out, Cooper was kindly and caring, offering sympathy to the troubled young lady whose heart was crumbling. (She had worked with Garson the previous year in Mrs. Parkington as well.) She also played a caring character in The Green Years, a film that detailed the life of a young Scottish orphan who is raised by his elders. Though fifty-seven in real life, she was aged in the film to her late eighties. The young man was played by Tom Drake (of Meet Me in St. Louis fame), but in the earliest scenes, he was portrayed by Dean Stockwell. Based on this photo, Stockwell is probably the only person alive today who can honestly say that he had been to bed with Gladys Cooper! Ha! This is a notable film for fans of married actors Hume Cronyn and Jessica Tandy, too, because not only was she pregnant during the filming with his child, but she played his daughter in the the movie despite being two years older than him in real life!

She had an unusual role in 1946's Beware of Pity as the blind wife of Cedric Hardwicke. The film's star, Lilli Palmer, played a woman rendered paraplegic after a horseback riding accident. Cooper's scenes chiefly consisted of her trying to convince Palmer's suitor that he can live with her handicap, though it may be too late for them to make it work. It was a solid acting exercise for a woman who was always in danger of being typecast as a meanie.
After her third husband died of heart trouble in 1946, Cooper never remarried again and began working in both England and the U.S. as opportunities dictated. She played the mother of Lana Turner and Donna Reed in the sweeping epic Green Dolphin Street, her character's deathbed scene a highlight, and was an exacting philanthropist with an agenda in The Bishop's Wife, with Cary Grant, David Niven and Loretta Young. (At one point, Niven even snarkily implies that she could be the dragon in a proposed stained glass window!) She then appeared in The Pirate with Judy Garland and Gene Kelly and in Madame Bovary, again with Jennifer Jones, where she played still another disapproving mother. Then there was the commandeering Mrs. Medlock in The Secret Garden, in which she terrorized Shirley Temple. In 1952's At Sword's Point, she portrayed an aging Queen Anne, who summons the children of the famous musketeers for help. One of the children was female Maureen O'Hara, who swashbuckled right along with the men! She went to Broadway in 1955 to play in The Chalk Garden and was nominated for a Tony, then she went back to California to work in the film Separate Tables. In Tables, she made life hell for her employee Deborah Kerr. (Ironically, Kerr would later star in the movie of The Chalk Garden, though not in Cooper's role. That went to Edith Evans.)
Cooper returned to Broadway in 1962 when she appeared in A Passage to India, which netted her another Tony nomination. She also worked on television, memorably starring in a few episodes of The Twilight Zone. One of those paired her with an up and coming young actor by the name of Robert Redford! She played a petrified woman afraid to leave her home who takes in a young injured man who may very well be death (just one more tidbit people can use when comparing Brad Pitt and Redford since Pitt later played Death in Meet Joe Black.)One more Oscar nomination was around the corner, this time for her work as Rex Harrison's mother, Mrs. Higgins, in the lavish musical My Fair Lady. No longer a dragon lady, such as in the bulk of the screen roles that made her famous, she was kindly and knowing, rooting for Harrison to take Audrey Hepburn as his bride. She had played the same role in a Hallmark Hall of Fame TV production of Pygmalion just the year before. Like others in the cast, she was dressed in Cecil Beaton's carefully conceived costumes. If you look carefully at a portrait over the fireplace in Harrison's character's home, you will see that it is actually a painting of Cooper done in 1922. Ironically, she was pitted against Edith Evans for The Chalk Garden, a role that Cooper had originated, but the Oscar went to Lila Kedrova for Zorba the Greek, in any case. Miss Cooper would never be granted The Academy Award. (Incidentally, Evans once described the young Cooper's beauty as unphotographable, as if a camera couldn't really ever capture it, but added that it was “enough to stop a bus” when witnessed firsthand as she often used to watch Cooper from the wings, transifixed by her face under the stage lights.)

Next, Cooper took part in a television series called The Rogues, which starred David Niven (who, along with fellow Rogues costar Robert Coote, had been on a cricket team that Cooper sponsored during WWII), Gig Young and Charles Boyer. The black and white show focused on these con artists and gave her a chance to play a regular role on a continuing program for once, as part of their schemes. She was nominated for an Emmy award for her solid acting on the show.

Still working rather steadily, 1967 brought The Happiest Millionaire, an overlong, bloated musical by Walt Disney that starred Fred MacMurray, an unbearable Tommy Steele and Cooper's old costar from The Valley of Decision, Greer Garson, in her own last feature film role. Soon after this, Cooper was made Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire for her work in contributing to the art of acting. Apart from taking joy in grandmotherhood, she continued to work in the theatre all along, including reviving The Chalk Garden, and made another film (for which she secured third billing) in 1969, A Nice Girl Like Me. Unfortunately, Miss Cooper was stricken with lung cancer and though she continued to work even while battling the disease, it finally (along with a case of pneumonia) claimed her on November 16th, 1971, at the age of eighty-two.

Gladys Cooper was not a tall or large woman, but she was capable of incredible impact as an actress, able to come across as intimidating in the extreme if need be. She felt no need to explore the mechanics or the inner processes of her craft, able to turn on and off at will, and could frequently be found playing poker in between scenes of even the most challenging stage roles. As good as she was, she considered her profession a job that needed to be done in order to survive comfortably. Her own assessment of the first glimpse of herself in Rebecca, which was really the true start of her film career, was this: “a strange hunchbacked creature in an ill-fitting tweed suit out of whose mouth such a frightful grating noise comes that I thought something must have gone wrong with the soundtrack.” We're often our own harshest critic. In The Underworld, we give thanks that she didn't decide to abandon screen acting because, through it, she has given us so many hours of pleasure!